There will be little savings in steel too (not a significant amount though).Thus usually in earthquake-prone zones using T beams for high-rise buildings is reinforced with mechanical stiffeners in the junction. Since the beam slab is monolithic (rigid), it becomes very feeble in resisting lateral shear forces.Hence casting should be done very carefully to assure both are bonded well. There is a considerable increment in the shear stress at the junction of the flange and the web of the beam due to the change in cross-section.For larger spans, T beams are normally preferred rather than rectangular beams as the deflection is decreased to a good extent.For instance, consider the I-beam section below, which was also featured in our centroid tutorial. Try to break them into simple rectangular sections. Better headroom is the direct outcome of the first point since the depth of the beam can be considerably decreased. Step 1: Segment the beam section into parts When calculating the area moment of inertia, we must calculate the moment of inertia of smaller segments.Since the beam is cast monolithically with the slab, the flange also takes up the compressive stresses which means, it will be much more effective in resisting the sagging moment acting on the beam.The design process can be performed using numerical formulas and the principles of reinforced concrete design.
The design process involves calculating the loads and span, determining the moment and shear force, choosing the section dimensions, determining the reinforcement, and checking for deflection and cracking. The design of a T-beam involves calculating the section dimensions and reinforcement required to resist the maximum moment and shear force that the beam will experience.